Port of Early GlobalizationIn the 19th century, Valparaíso became the most important trading port on the South American Pacific coast. Merchants and immigrants from Europe built banks, warehouses, churches, and residential buildings. With the opening of the Panama Canal, the port lost significance, but the buildings from that era remained. In 2003, UNESCO inscribed the Historic Quarter of the Port City of Valparaíso on its World Heritage List as a testament to early globalization in the late 19th century. It encompasses five interlocking quarters by the port and on the adjacent hills, along with Muelle Prat, customs and naval buildings, and its Ascensores and trolleybuses.Cerros and AscensoresThe city consists of the flat 'plan' area by the water and the steep Cerros, where most people live. To connect both levels, over 30 funicular railways, the Ascensores, were built starting in 1883. The oldest is the Ascensor Concepción from 1883. Today, only a small number of them are still operating; many have been closed for years or are being renovated, and even the functioning lifts are frequently out of service for maintenance. Recently, El Peral, Reina Victoria, Barón, and San Agustín were among those in operation; the Ascensor Artillería has been out of service since 2021. Check the current status locally.Art and Pablo NerudaValparaíso has always attracted artists and writers. Pablo Neruda's house, La Sebastiana, on Cerro Bellavista, is now a museum. Nearby is the Museo a Cielo Abierto (Open-Air Museum), opened in 1992, featuring around 20 murals by Chilean artists, including Roberto Matta. Additionally, countless murals and graffiti adorn Cerros Alegre and Concepción, which are also home to many galleries and artisan shops.