Albi's history is deeply rooted in Occitan culture and closely tied to the tragic chapter of Catharism. In the 13th century, the city became the focal point of the Albigensian Crusades, which left a profound impact and solidified the bishops' role as both temporal and spiritual rulers.Architecturally, Albi is dominated by its distinctive red brick, which gives the city its characteristic name "the Red City." The most prominent example is the Sainte-Cécile Cathedral, an imposing fortress church in the Southern French Gothic style, whose simple exterior conceals a magnificently painted interior with frescoes and an intricately detailed rood screen. Right next door is the Palais de la Berbie, the former Bishop's Palace, which today houses the museum for the artist Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, born in Albi, whose work significantly contributes to the city's cultural identity.Albi also preserves the legacy of woad cultivation and trade from the Middle Ages, which once brought great wealth to the region, and whose blue color is still a theme in local craft businesses today. Since 2010, the entire episcopal city of Albi has been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, underscoring its unique historical and architectural significance.