Carcassonne

Carcassonne is primarily known for its Cité Médiévale, an imposing fortified city whose origins date back to Roman times. However, it largely acquired its current form in the Middle Ages, particularly during the Crusades against the Cathars in the 13th century. At that time, the city played a key role in the conflict between the French monarchy and the lords of Southern France and was annexed by the French king in 1247, subsequently serving as an important border fortress.Architecturally, the Cité impresses with its double fortification wall featuring 52 towers, a masterpiece of medieval military architecture. Inside are the Château Comtal, the count's castle, and the Basilica of Saint-Nazaire and Saint-Celse, which combines elements of Romanesque and Gothic architecture and is known for its impressive stained-glass windows. In the 19th century, the heavily dilapidated fortress was extensively restored under the direction of architect Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, a measure that saved it from complete decay and shaped its iconic present-day silhouette.Although the Cité itself functions as a living museum of its past, local traditions of the Languedoc-Roussillon region, such as an awareness of Occitan language and culture, are also palpable. Historical events and legends, like that of Dame Carcas, shape the cultural memory and are often featured in local events and guided tours.

You best explore the Cité and the Ville Basse on foot; from the train station in the lower town, it's about 30 minutes to the fortress, the last part is uphill. City buses also run between the station, lower town, and Cité, with additional shuttle buses in season. Taxis are also available. For excursions to the Cathar castles, Limoux, or the Corbières, you'll need a car. The Canal du Midi passes directly by the station.